The former player: 'I wanted to carry on my rugby career'
Warning: This article contains descriptions of racially offensive comments and conduct
FormerEngland centre Luther Burrell states that going public to expose racial discrimination in professional rugby led his professional journey to an premature conclusion.
In a June 2022, Burrell characterized racism as being "rife" in the game, showing Whatsapp messages and remembering training ground "jokes" he had been exposed to while representing Newcastle.
Then 34 and without a team, Burrell's only elite playing since has been a handful of games with guest team the Barbarians.
"I've have absolutely had to retire because of what happened," he told reporters.
"I wanted to continue playing, naturally I did. I sought that, and it collapsed when news came out that there were inquiries going on.
"This situation was difficult - I had to just accept the outcome and accept that this whole situation is a lot bigger than me."
A rugby governing body investigation in 2023 found Burrell's allegations were accurate "likely correct", but stated it could not collect enough proof to definitively say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's international games in 2014-15, but was surprisingly overlooked for their team for the 2015 tournament
Burrell told journalists he also faced prejudice within the England set-up, during a international career that saw him win 15 appearances after his debut in February 2014.
"I have had several distressing experiences within the national team," he stated.
"Certain instances of discrimination and other just old-school mentality that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become accepted in dressing rooms, in Burrell's experience.
"It's something that has been disguised as banter and that's been the issue that I've personally experienced and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"Over a extended period you just learn to believe that it's the norm and that is acceptable and that it's not malicious, but that's nonsense."
Burrell explains he was eventually motivated to speak out after a team-mate at Newcastle called him as a "slave" and told him to put sun cream on his arms and legs "where chains would be placed."
The rugby authority said Burrell's disclosures had led to "increased scrutiny at the environment within the professional level and to the introduction of an action plan for the professional game."
"The organization has placed significant attention on inclusion and inclusion in the sport and a substantial amount of work undertaken both before and since Luther Burrell spoke publicly and shared his encounters of racism and class discrimination," it continued.
"The organization are ongoing work with teams and partners in the elite level to strive for a culture of inclusivity but acknowledge this requires patience and is an continuous effort."
Every Premiership and women's rugby club now has in-person training on building welcoming environments, with its effectiveness tracked via specific documentation and surveys.
All England athletes, including youth squads, are educated in being "active bystanders" to step in and defend others from damaging conduct.
"You be so pleased of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the documentary Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"I know it has had this impact on you and finished your playing days, but in our view, you have done so much. We are so proud of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's dad Geoff passed away shortly after the production of the documentary, and his sister passed away recently.
Burrell, who was raised on a council estate in Huddersfield, continues his work to make the game more open.
His charitable organization aims to connect with young people in disadvantaged communities and support them thrive both on the pitch with complimentary sports training, guidance and dietary education.
"My personal motivations are pure, I want to see the evolution of the game and if others is willing to share their story then I'll continue to advocate for that fight because I'm not just pursuing this for myself," he said.
"We have an obligation to make the sport as great as it can be and the more I speak about it hopefully the more comfortable others will become about sharing their personal experiences as well.
"I need to grab the challenge by the opportunity and continue bearing this flag and continue supporting this responsibility and accomplish what I can to develop opportunities and make the sport more attractive and more welcoming.
"There's a lot of disadvantaged children and a lot of poverty and I honestly believe that rugby has the potential to transform their lives, just as it transformed things for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a return to previous team Northampton in late 2022